She made these remarks this morning while speaking as the chief guest at the opening session of the 10th Biennial Fisheries Conference, organised by the Bangladesh Fisheries Research Forum (BFRF) at the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC) auditorium.

The adviser said that fish is not just food to fill the stomach; it is a very important source of nutrition. Fish provides essential micronutrients, calcium, and other nutrients that help in the development of eyesight, bones, and intelligence. She added that fish-based food habits have played a major role in the intellectual development of the Bengali people.

Speaking about marine fisheries resources, she said Bangladesh has not yet fully used its potential. At present, only about 30 percent of these resources are being used, and even within this limited use, there are many problems. She explained that artisanal trawlers and industrial trawlers follow different fishing methods, and some technologies used by industrial trawlers have created new concerns. She said that going to sea seven times and catching fish only once is not acceptable, just as it is not right to use SONAR (Sound Navigation and Ranging) technology to catch all fish in a single trip.

The fisheries adviser said that it has recently been found that around 70 out of 223 industrial trawlers are using SONAR technology, which has increased the risk of overfishing in the sea. To address these problems, effective policies are urgently needed. She said the government has taken an important step by deciding to update the National Fisheries Policy. Some reforms have already been made to the Fisheries Act, but more changes are needed, which she wants to implement during her tenure. She expressed serious concern about harmful fishing gear, saying that old fishing gear is now being modified in ways that damage the environment and biodiversity. In some cases, fish are even being caught using electric shocks, which is completely unacceptable.

She also said there is discrimination in providing incentives to fishers. Compared to the support given to the agriculture sector, fishers do not receive fair incentives. During fishing ban periods, fishers often do not get the assistance they need, which sometimes forces them to break the rules unwillingly.

The adviser said that hilsa breeding and migration are being severely disrupted due to reduced river depth, pollution, and the combined effects of climate change. She stressed that hilsa is not just a fish but a national asset. Just like dolphin conservation, hilsa protection should be part of a global movement. She added that obstacles in hilsa migration routes have been identified, and requests have been made to the Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority (BIWTA) to carry out necessary dredging in coordination with relevant agencies.

At the conference, the keynote paper was presented by Dr Faruk-ul Islam, Country Representative of WorldFish Bangladesh. FAO Representative in Bangladesh (ad-interim) Dr Dia Sanou spoke as an honoured guest. Special guests included Director General of the Department of Fisheries Dr Md Abdur Rouf, Director General of the Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute Dr Anuradha Bhadra, and Group Adviser of ACI PLC Dr F. H. Ansari.

The session was chaired by BFRF President Dr Joarder Faruk Ahmed. The welcome speech was delivered by Secretary General Dr Md Monirul Islam, and the vote of thanks was given by Vice President Dr Md Khaled Kanak.

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Adviser made the remarks while chairing a seminar titled “One Health Program: Opportunities, Challenges and Future Strategies”, organized by the Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock at Hotel Inter Continental on Wednesday afternoon.

The Adviser said presence of senior representatives from the ministries of Health and Family Welfare, Environment, Forest and Climate Change, and Fisheries and Livestock at the same table reflected a real commitment at the policy level. “Today we are not only discussing One Health as a concept, but moving forward together in practice,” she said.

She emphasised that One Health should not remain a topic for speeches alone. “It requires real political commitment, policy alignment, and a willingness to work together. The era of fragmented action is over. What we need now is a whole-of-government and whole-of-nation approach,” she added.

The adviser pointed out that while people suffer from diseases, human actions often create health risks. Unsafe food, environmental pollution, excessive use of antibiotics, and unplanned urbanisation are major contributors to rising health threats. She stressed the need to prioritise prevention and strengthen primary healthcare to address these challenges.

She also highlighted that climate change, zoonotic diseases, food safety, and public health are closely linked. In response, the government has decided to implement the proposed One Health initiative through a single Development Project Proposal (DPP), jointly managed by the three ministries, with three project directors to ensure coordinated implementation across sectors.

Expressing optimism, Farida Akhter said that by considering human health, livestock, fisheries, and the environment together, Bangladesh would be able to implement One Health effectively and set a strong example for other countries.

Speaking as an honoured guest, Adviser for Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Water Resources, and Information and Broadcasting Syeda Rizwana Hasan said development planning must place environmental protection, biodiversity, and public health at its core. She warned that environmental destruction in the name of development ultimately harms society. “We can build roads and infrastructure, but we cannot recreate the Sundarbans or restore a river once it is destroyed,” she said.

She noted that climate change, pandemics, and environmental crises continue to remind us that all elements of nature are deeply interconnected. “Humans are not owners of nature; we are part of it,” she said.

Rizwana Hasan also identified major obstacles to implementing One Health, including excessive procedural complexity, weak coordination among ministries, and delays in decision-making. She called for the formation of effective advisory committees at national and district levels, along with clearly defined focal points in each ministry.

Another honoured guest, Professor Dr Md Sayedur Rahman, Special Assistant to the Chief Adviser at the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, said that human health must remain central to the One Health approach. He explained that the importance of fish, livestock, and environmental health ultimately lies in their impact on human health, food safety, and livelihoods.

Describing the proposed One Health project as an “eye-opening” initiative for Bangladesh, he said it aims to build the capacity to detect health risks early and respond in a timely manner by viewing people, animals, and nature through a single integrated framework.

A joint keynote presentation on One Health was delivered by IEDCR Director Professor Dr Tahmina Shirin, Deputy Chief Conservator of Forests Md Zahidul Kabir, and Director General of the Department of Livestock Services Dr Md Abu Sufian.

The seminar was also attended by Planning Commission Member (Secretary) Dr Kaiyum Ara Begum, Health Services Division Secretary Md Saidur Rahman, Environment Ministry Secretary Dr Farhina Ahmed, and Planning Commission Member (Secretary) for Agriculture, Water Resources and Rural Institutions Dr Md Mostafizur Rahman. Secretary of the Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock Abu Taher Muhammad Jaber delivered the vote of thanks.

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The first training, “Pilot Capacity Building & Practical Field-Based Engagement and Demonstration for Farmers,” focused on smallholder aquaculture challenges. The second, “Nursery Pond Knowledge Building for Women & Practical Demonstration,” was exclusively dedicated to empowering women farmers with the knowledge and skills required to manage and operate nursery ponds as viable enterprises.

Both sessions combined classroom theory with extensive field demonstrations, allowing participants to learn about pond preparation, biosecurity, water quality testing (pH, alkalinity, salinity), feed management, disease prevention, and economic record-keeping. Farmers not only observed but also practiced techniques such as liming, fry handling, and water testing — a rare and invaluable opportunity that was deeply appreciated.

Participants expressed their heartfelt gratitude, noting that this was the first time they had received such detailed, hands-on guidance. Many shared that if they had been trained in this way earlier, their farming practices could have already improved significantly.

The trainings were facilitated by FISHBYTE adviser Mr. Taslim Mahmood, an internationally renowned Bangladeshi shrimp consultant with experience across Qatar, Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, and Sri Lanka. His practical demonstrations and global expertise resonated strongly with the participants. The sessions also saw the presence of FISHBYTE’s founder, Zubair Khan, Seafood Network Bangladesh’s women empowerment coordinator, Rezwana Shafique, Shushilan’s Program Director, Satchinando Biswas, and Program Implementation & Technical Team Leader, Rajib Ghosh, among others. On the second day, the Upazila Senior Fisheries Officer attended the nursery pond training, expressing his satisfaction with the initiative.

These programs were part of Activity #6 under ANB (Aquaculture Network of Bangladesh) — a multi-stakeholder platform launched in February 2025 through its inaugural workshop in Dhaka, attended by national and international partners. ANB unites national NGOs, universities, private enterprises, and global research organizations to tackle Bangladesh’s aquaculture challenges collaboratively. Activity #6 is being supported by partners including Khulna University, Evolved Research & Consulting (ERC, UK), MacAlister Elliott & Partners (MEP, UK), and the UK Government’s Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas).

By highlighting both sustainable, nature-based shrimp farming and women’s empowerment in aquaculture, these trainings marked a meaningful step forward for the coastal communities of Paikgacha. With continued collaboration among partners, the ANB aims to scale such initiatives, creating resilient livelihoods and fostering equitable growth across Bangladesh’s aquaculture sector.

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Driven by technologies such as cage culture, biofloc systems, pen culture, and ecosystem-based feeding, these innovations are not only mitigating climate risks but also unlocking new economic opportunities. The Paba Upazila is at the heart of this transition, with farmers reporting higher yields and better income through modern, sustainable methods.

Supporting this aquaculture revolution is the newly established Kharkhari Hygienic Fish Market, developed by NGO Ashrai under the Sustainable Enterprise Project (SEP). Funded by the Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation (PKSF) and the World Bank, the market handles 50–60 tons of fish daily, offering critical facilities like digital weighing, live fish transport systems, and access to ice—all essential for maintaining product quality and value.

“Live fish reaching consumers safely while ensuring fair prices to farmers is our primary goal,” said Wali Ullah Mollah, Senior Upazila Fisheries Officer, Paba.

Through SEP, over 30% of trained participants are women, promoting gender equity in rural aquaculture. In a notable example, 25 ethnic minority women from Chapainawabganj’s Amnura area leased ponds and adopted natural feeding techniques to generate sustainable incomes. Elsewhere, 11 unemployed youths launched a community-run kole fish culture project in the Mohanonda River.

Aquaculture Growth in Numbers

Currently, Rajshahi boasts 13,050 hectares of fish ponds, yielding an estimated 84,000 metric tons of fish annually. The district sends 140–150 truckloads of live fish every day, mostly to Dhaka and other urban markets—generating an average of BDT 2 crore (approx. USD 165,000) in daily trade, according to District Fisheries Officer Jahangir Alam.

With better access to digital water testing kits, protective gear, and cold chain logistics, local traders and farmers are ensuring food safety and minimizing post-harvest losses.

Fish farmer Sadiqul Islam, who started his journey in 2007, now cultivates over 180 bighas (around 60 acres) and says, “Modern aquaculture and live fish marketing have made fish farming a highly profitable venture.”

In neighboring Puthiya Upazila, Ershad Ali adds, “With an investment of just BDT 1.5–2 lakh (USD 1,240–1,650), anyone can start farming by leasing land. The lease cost per bigha is now between BDT 20,000 and 30,000 (USD 165–250).”

Amzad Hossain from Keshorehat village earned a profit of BDT 15 lakh (USD 12,400) in a single year by producing over 30 tons of fish, thanks to early training and access to quality breeding inputs.

The ongoing surge in fish farming—particularly live fish trading—signals a new era for Rajshahi’s aquaculture economy. With robust institutional support and climate-smart strategies, the region is setting an example for sustainable aquaculture development across Bangladesh.

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As a proud member of ANB, Seafood Network Bangladesh (SNB) took part in the sessions, reinforcing its role as a platform that connects the seafood industry with knowledge, insight, and policy dialogue.

Diverse Representation Across the Sector

The workshop welcomed a strong list of participants, including:

• Government and Policy Leaders: Dr. Md. Abdur Rouf, Director General of the Department of Fisheries, alongside senior representatives from DoF.
• Research and Academia: Experts from Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI), Khulna University, Dhaka University, and Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU).
• International Partners: Specialists from Cefas (UK), WorldFish, and FAO Bangladesh.
• Private Sector Leaders: M. A. Hassan Panna (Desh Bangladesh Hatchery, Fahim Seafood), Burhan Uddin (Rowzan Feed & Agro), exporters, and processing industry representatives.
• Civil Society and Development Partners: Shushilan, Bangladesh Shrimp and Fish Foundation (BSFF), Jagorani Chakra Foundation (JCF), among others.

Key Issues and Insights

Sessions over the three days covered pressing issues for the aquaculture and seafood industry:

• Seed and biosecurity challenges in shrimp and other crustacean farming.
• Sustainable finfish production, especially tilapia and seabass.
• The role of policy and regulation in strengthening small-scale aquaculture.
• Capacity building and training opportunities for farmers, entrepreneurs, and industry workers.
• Partnerships and network resilience, ensuring continued collaboration among stakeholders.

Small group discussions allowed industry representatives, researchers, and policymakers to share challenges and propose solutions, helping shape a practical roadmap for Bangladesh’s aquaculture sector.

SNB’s Role

For Seafood Network Bangladesh, participating in the ANB workshop reflects its ongoing commitment to serve as an information hub for the seafood industry. By bringing real-time updates, sector insights, and knowledge exchange to professionals, SNB helps bridge the gap between policy, research, and market realities.

Through ANB, SNB will continue to highlight industry voices, share critical updates, and promote innovation that benefits farmers, processors, exporters, and the wider seafood community.

Moving Forward

The Dhaka workshop demonstrated that Bangladesh’s aquaculture and seafood industries are strongest when working together. With diverse stakeholders united under ANB, the path forward promises greater collaboration, innovation, and resilience—ensuring that aquaculture continues to contribute to food security, livelihoods, and the national economy.

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A New Frontier in Sustainable Feed Production

Shimul’s journey into Black Soldier Fly farming began with insights from YouTube videos, which led him to formal training at Mymensingh Agricultural University. With technical and financial support from the Rural Microenterprise Transformation Project, implemented by the Program for Community Development (PCD) in Pabna, he established a system that addresses a critical need in aquaculture: a high-protein, sustainable alternative to traditional feed.

His farm now produces 300 kg of BSF larvae daily, valued at approximately $592 (Tk72,000). These larvae are in high demand among fish and poultry farmers, offering a cost-effective, eco-friendly protein source. Encouraged by his success, Shimul is investing an additional $24,800 (Tk30 lakh) to expand operations in Cox’s Bazar, where coastal fish and shrimp farmers are increasingly seeking sustainable feed solutions.

“Initially, people thought I was crazy for working with insects,” Shimul recalls. “But now, I export BSF pupae to India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Pakistan, where aquaculture entrepreneurs are embracing this innovation.”

The Aquaculture Connection: Why Black Soldier Fly Matters for Fish Farming

Bangladesh’s aquaculture industry is rapidly growing, but traditional fish feed—comprising fishmeal and soybean—is becoming unsustainable and costly. BSF larvae offer a nutrient-rich alternative with several benefits:

• High Protein Content: BSF larvae contain 43% to 55% protein, significantly higher than traditional fish feed.
• Cost-Effective: Production costs are as low as $0.08 to $0.10 per kg (Tk10 to Tk12), while selling prices range between $0.41 to $0.66 per kg (Tk50 to Tk80).
• Fast Growth Cycle: BSF eggs hatch within 8 to 10 days, and the larvae mature in just 20 to 30 days, ensuring a continuous, scalable supply.
• Eco-Friendly Solution: BSF larvae feed on organic waste, reducing pollution and lessening dependence on wild fish stocks for feed production.

For fish and shrimp farmers, BSF farming not only reduces feeding costs but also aligns with sustainable aquaculture practices, promoting better growth rates and disease resistance among farmed species.

A Growing Industry with Significant Potential

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), global BSF farming is projected to grow by 34% annually by 2030. With Bangladesh’s fish and poultry feed industry valued at over $8.1 million (Tk986 crore), the demand for sustainable, cost-effective feed solutions is escalating.

Currently, more than 280 entrepreneurs across 25 districts are commercially farming BSF larvae, producing over 70 tons per month, valued at approximately $41,000 (Tk50 lakh). Organizations such as the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation (PKSF), and DANIDA are actively supporting this transformative industry.

Md Fazlul Kader, Managing Director of PKSF, emphasizes that BSF farming could be a key driver in making aquaculture more sustainable and profitable.

A Future of Sustainable Aquaculture

Experts believe that BSF farming can revolutionize Bangladesh’s fisheries sector by providing a cost-effective, eco-friendly protein source, thereby reducing reliance on wild fish stocks for feed.

Abdus Salam, a former professor at Bangladesh Agricultural University, has dedicated 12 years to researching BSF, highlighting its immense potential for enhancing fish health and growth rates while minimizing environmental impact.

To maximize the benefits of BSF farming for aquaculture, Bangladesh should:

• Expand training programs for fish and shrimp farmers.
• Strengthen market linkages to promote BSF-based fish feed.
• Support policy initiatives to integrate BSF into mainstream feed production.
• Invest in research and innovation to optimize its use in aquaculture.

With the global demand for sustainable, high-protein aquaculture feed on the rise, Bangladesh is well-positioned to lead the way. By embracing Black Soldier Fly farming, the country can ensure a more resilient, profitable, and environmentally responsible fisheries sector.

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At the Fisheries Entrepreneur Summit-2025 yesterday, held at the Bangladesh-China Friendship Conference Center, Fisheries and Livestock Adviser Farida Akhter raised concerns about the deteriorating condition of Bangladesh’s rivers and water bodies. She pointed out that unchecked pollution, agricultural chemicals, and indiscriminate land filling are making it difficult for fish populations to thrive. If this trend continues, the future of the country’s fish production will be at risk.

The summit aims to foster innovation, sustainable development, and entrepreneurship in the fisheries sector, driving growth and resilience. The adviser emphasized the importance of a coordinated approach among different government ministries to ensure safe and sustainable fish production for future generations.

Adviser Farida Akhter also highlighted the potential dangers of industrializing fisheries, warning that transforming fisheries into an industry could alter its core nature and lead to consequences similar to those seen in industrial food production worldwide. She stressed the need to maintain a balance between economic growth and environmental sustainability to protect the sector.

Another concern is the changing dietary habits among younger generations. Traditionally, fish has been a staple of the Bangladeshi diet, but there is a growing shift towards poultry and processed foods. The adviser noted that many young people now prefer meat and eggs over fish, which could have long-term effects on public health and the fisheries industry. She encouraged promoting fish consumption, particularly among children, and emphasized the nutritional benefits of small fish, which are rich in essential minerals.

To secure the future of Bangladesh’s fisheries, Adviser Farida Akhter urged for sustainable aquaculture practices, conservation of water bodies, and policies that promote fish farming while protecting the environment. As climate change and human activities continue to threaten aquatic ecosystems, immediate action is needed to safeguard one of the country’s most vital sectors.

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Importance of Aquaculture Disease Prevention

Amongst all the risks, diseases are considered one of the major threats in aquaculture species. The diseases spread in a very rapid manner in high-density farming systems. Some of the important reasons for prioritizing disease prevention include:

• Economic Impact: It means that once a disease outbreak occurs, economic loss through reduced production and mortalities are the result; therefore, the costs of treatments of sick fish increase accordingly.
• Sustainability: Absence of diseases rules out the use of antibiotics and chemicals, hence reducing environmental degradation.
• Food Safety: Healthy aquaculture stock ensures that whatever is consumed by the end user or customer is safe for their consumption.
• Conservation: Prevention methods reduce the possibility of wild species getting infected with a certain pathogen.

Aquaculture Species Diseases

Identifying the aquaculture species diseases is the first step to better management of the same. Diseases are normally bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic. Examples are:

Bacterial Diseases

• Vibriosis: Infection in shrimp, fish, and shellfish. Symptoms include loss of appetite and lethargy, skin lesions.
• Aeromoniasis: Common in freshwater fish. It leads to ulcers, fin rot, and septicemia.

Viral Diseases

• White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV): an extremely serious disease of shrimp farming. It causes high mortality within days.
• Infectious Salmon Anemia (ISA): It affects salmon, causing pale gills and swelling.

Fungal Diseases

• Saprolegniasis: It affects the eggs and juveniles of fish, causing white cotton-like growth on the skin or gills.

Parasitic Diseases

• Sea Lice: It is a common parasite in salmon farming. It causes skin damage and stress.
• Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich): It causes white spots on the body and fins of fish.

Key Strategies for Aquatic Disease Prevention

Aquatic disease prevention is effectuated through being proactive and optimal environmental conditions. The following are the key strategies:

Biosecurity Measures

Biosecurity remains very key in preventing entry and spread of diseases. Some of the key practices include:

• Quarantine: The isolation of new stocks, observing them before actual introduction to the main population.
• Sanitation: Cleaning tanks and ponds together with equipment, instruments within a radius of farms to prevent disease causative agent accumulations.
• Limiting Access: Grant access to as few people as possible and let the least numbers of vehicles that would not facilitate the contamination aspects towards the areas within the farms’ radius.

Water Quality Management

A wholesome Aquatic Environment would minimize the degree of stress resulting in reduced diseases. Some important things to be checked:

• Dissolved Oxygen: DO at optimum levels to avoid hypoxia.
• pH Levels: Stable and appropriate pH for the species being cultivated.
• Ammonia and Nitite Levels: The levels of these compounds should be maintained low through effective filtration and renewal of water.
• Temperature: Extreme changes in temperature should not occur, as such changes are stressful to the species.

Vaccination Programs

Vaccines help protect aquaculture species from known pathogens. Benefits include:

• Long-term immunity against prevalent diseases is attained.
• The use of antibiotics is reduced.
• The survival and production are improved.

Adequate Nutrition

Good nutrition also enhances the immunity of the aquaculture species. Areas of concern are outlined below:

• Complete nutritional and species-specific feeds should be supplied.
• Probiotics and additives enhances gut health/infection resistance.
• In addition, do not waste food that might deteriorate the water quality.

Health Monitoring

Regular health monitoring of stock enables early diagnosis of disease problems well before a general incidence assumes serious proportions.

Approaches

• Visual observations for signs of abnormality and changes in behavioral patterns.
• Rocinela Sampling for pathological examination to identify causative agent.
• Health records, which give a time-course of health trends.

Health Monitoring Techniques

Aquaculture health monitoring can be defined as the routine and systematic assessment of the health condition of a particular species in culture. Health monitoring encompasses many techniques and equipment, which are as follows:

Behavioral Observations

Observe symptoms of fish, such as loss of appetite or erratic feeding behavior, listlessness or erratic swimming behavior, and aggression or isolation.

Water Quality Testing

Periodically monitor water parameters through:

• DO, pH, and temperature by use of handheld meters.
• Ammonia, nitrites, and nitrates by using test kits.
• Online monitoring systems for continuance of data.

Pathogen Detection

Diagnosis of pathogens by microscopic examination of gill and skin scrapes, PCR for viral and bacterial DNA, ELISA to detect antigens.

Growth Performance Monitoring

Growth rates, FCR, and survival rates monitor overall health. Application:

• Periodical weighing and measuring of stocks.
• Automatic systems for collection of growth data.

Early Detection and Rapid Response

The early detection of the disease stops the aggravation of the outbreak. Apply the following:

• Frequency Health Control: In days or weeks, as the species requires and the productive system.
• Immediate Isolation: To withdraw the affected animals from production to stop their further spread.
• Consultation: Consultation with Veterinarians and Aquaculture Health Professionals shall be made regarding diagnosis and treatments.
• Medical Treatment: Focus Treatment to be provided; Antibiotic Courses and anti-fungal Courses should be administered on the recommendation of the concerned experts.

Role of Technology in Prevention and Monitoring Diseases

Needless to say, technology has been playing an enabling role as far as increase of efficiency related to the prevention and monitoring of diseases is concerned. Examples include:

• Automatic Water Quality Sensors: These continuously monitor the water quality, informing the farmer about its alteration which will reach a critical level where no action may be taken.
• Machine Learning Models: Artificial intelligence-driven tools predict health trends in outbreaks concerning a disease, informed by data from historical and environmental records.
• Remote Monitoring Systems: With the use of smartphones and their apps today, operations can be monitored from a distance for quick responses whenever something goes wrong.
• Digital Health Records: Record stock health, water quality, and treatment in cloud-based systems for easy management.

Benefits of Effective Disease Prevention and Monitoring

Benefits to be attained from strong strategies in implementation include:

• Better Growth and Productivity: Healthy stocks grow faster and yield better harvests.
• Cost-Effective: A reduction in disease cases cuts down expenses related to medication and deaths.
• More Value in the Market: Aquaculture products sourced from a hatchery free of these diseases increase the quality of the product that consumers will pay for.
• Sustainability: The precautionary principle reduces adverse effects on the environment with the view of making the aquaculture industry sustainable.

Aquaculture thrives on proper prevention of diseases and health monitoring, therefore. Some of the active steps include farm biosecurity, management of water quality, vaccination apart from regular checking for health by farmers; it helps a farmer reduce this risk. Most technologies also upgrade the efforts concerned with biosecurity in aquaculture to make sustainable and profitable culture practice. Accordingly, commitment to the sustenance of healthy aquaculture species has meant improving the security and sustainability of food systems around the globe. This necessarily calls for concern toward environmental conservation.

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Understanding Winter Impacts on Aquaculture Ponds

Temperature Reduction and its Consequences

Winter ushers in great reductions in water temperatures, thus affecting directly the metabolism, feeding, and growth of aquatic species. At lower temperatures, the metabolic rate of fish is retarded; this reduces their requirements for food and alters their behavior. Being aware of these changes is essential to proper pond management.

Reduced Dissolved Oxygen Levels

Cold weather changes the levels of DO in ponds, particularly for those that have been covered by ice. Low oxygen may lead to stress or mortality. In such a case, regular aeration helps to maintain a healthy environment.

Decline in Algal Growth

Winter reduces sunlight and temperatures, thereby reducing algal growth. These are the major producers in the pond ecosystem who help in maintaining oxygen balance. In the absence of sufficient number of algae, the levels of DO become low in ponds.

Accumulation of Organic Waste

The rates of decomposition of organic matter are slow during winter months. Therefore, waste keeps on accumulating in the pond and may result in the deterioration of water quality and predisposition of fish to diseases.

Winter Preparation of Aquaculture Ponds

Cleaning of the Pond

Before the winter sets in, clean the pond from the accumulation of excess organic wastes, dead plants, and debris. It would not allow the built-up toxic gases to collect in the pond water and would maintain relatively better water quality.

Aeration System Installation

Install or upgrade the aeration systems to provide adequate oxygen levels. Aerators prevent stagnation of water and minimize chances of ice formation, especially in colder regions.

Water Depth Management

Ensure proper water depth to avoid freezing. Shallower ponds are easily subjected to freezing, thus harming the aquatic species. Ensure a minimum depth of 3-4 feet for better thermal stability.

Installation of Monitoring Equipment

Installation of temperature- and oxygen-monitoring devices. Such devices would ensure that the critical parameters remain within their range and will provide early warning systems for any imminent problems.

Feeding and Nutrition

Changing Feeding Habits

• Reduce the frequency and amount of feeding during winter months since fish metabolism is slow.
• Provide high-quality and easily digestible foods that would meet nutritional requirements for cold water.

Observe Feeding Habit

Observe the feeding intensity of fish closely and avoid overfeeding as it decays the leftover feed and deteriorates the water quality.

Water Quality Management

Regular Water Testing

• Check for parameters such as pH, ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate levels. Cold temperature changes the chemical composition of water.
• pH level should be maintained between 6.5 and 8.5 for the optimum health of fish.

Controlling Ammonia Levels

This may cause an accumulation of ammonia due to slower decomposition of waste matter. Use water conditioners or increase aeration to maintain low levels of ammonia.

Partial Water Changes

Regular partial water changes are needed to dilute any build-up of toxins. Only 10-20% change of water should be made at one time to prevent shocking the fish.

Ice Formation Control

• Keep the water surface in motion with installed aerators or fountains to prevent thick layers of ice from building up.
• For smaller ponds, use pond heaters to keep areas of importance free from ice.
  

Disease Prevention and Health Monitoring

Watch for Signs of Stress

• Cold weather can weaken the immune system of fish, making them more prone to diseases.
• Look for signs such as lethargy, unusual swimming behavior, or skin lesions.

Disease Control Measures

• Apply probiotics to maintain healthy microbial populations in the pond.
• Use natural or approved chemical treatments to address infections promptly.

Quarantine New Stock

• If at all possible, avoid adding new fish during winter. If it’s unavoidable, then quarantine them against diseases.
  

Aeration and Circulation

Continuous Aeration

• Aerators should be running during winter continuously to avoid oxygen level decline and water stratification. Diffuser aerators perform the best in maintaining an even oxygen distribution.

Avoid Over circulation

While aeration is essential, avoid over circulating water during extremely cold weather. Too much mixing can transport cold surface water to greater depths and make the habitat uninhabitable for aquatic species.

Fish Stock Management

Stock Density Control

Regulate stock density in order to decrease competition for the limited resources. Over-stocking increases stress and heightens the risk of disease outbreaks.

Winter Requirements of Some Species

Know your aquaculture species specific needs. Cold tolerant species like trout are going to be managed much differently than a warm water species such as tilapia.

Equipment Care

Routine Maintenance

• Inspection for wear and tear on the aerators, heaters and filtration systems.
• Service equipment in order to provide for continuous service during very cold weather.

Back-up Power

• Have emergency generator power available in case of electrical power loss.
• During cold snaps, it is important that aeration and/or heating not be interrupted.
  

Contingency Planning

Develop an Action Plan

Develop a course of action to be taken in the event of emergencies related to sudden temperature fluctuations, equipment failure, or disease outbreaks.

Maintain a Stockpile of Essentials

Maintain adequate supplies of items such as water conditioners, fish drugs, and replacement machinery parts.

Long-Range Planning

Winterizing Ponds

Include winterization in your routine annual maintenance. This would include cleaning, upgrading of equipment, and structural enhancements.

Data Collection and Analysis

Record the water quality readings along with any observations regarding unusual fish behavior. This will help you make refinements in your practices next winter.

Aquaculture ponds during winter season need to be managed proactively and knowledgeably. A strategy addressing all four main concerns-that of water quality, aeration, feeding, and health monitoring, will give the wholesome environment to the aquatic species. Besides minimizing risks, preparing for the winter months makes all the difference when a good growing season does return. Do not be caught off guard; invest in the proper tools for the job and adjust your plans according to those particular winter difficulties in order to achieve success with regards to aquaculture operations.

Farhana Islam
Agriculturist, Researcher
Fisheries Resource Management, CVASU

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Current Status of the Seafood Industry in Bangladesh:

The seafood industry in Bangladesh involves capture fisheries, aquaculture, and processing. It has become one of the largest producers of fish in the world, annually producing over 1.4 million tons of fish. Aquaculture alone, especially shrimp farming, has lately become a strategic driver in the country’s economic growth due to export revenues and millions of jobs.

Though the seafood industry has so much potential, many challenges lie ahead of this industry. The severe threats to the sustainability of marine ecosystems are overfishing, destructive fishing, pollution, and climate change. Traditional fishing methods have declined fish stocks, while unregulated aquaculture has contributed to habitat destruction and deteriorating water quality. These problems do not only affect the environment but also jeopardize the livelihoods of those whose existence depends on fishing and aquaculture.

The Importance of Sustainable Practices:

Sustainability in seafood production refers to practices that allow the perpetuation of fish populations and all their supportive ecosystems in perpetuity. By definition, sustainable industrialization identifies appropriate practices from an environmental point of view in the value chain of seafood, starting from catching and farming up to processing and distribution.

Protection of the Environment:

Overfishing and habitat destruction have brought down the population in the waters. This might protect biodiversity by permitting all sorts of ecosystems to heal and thrive with life. Some sort of regulation in place would help limit the potential harm done to these animals through fishing methods that are not safe.

Economic Stability:

Economic resilience in a sustainable seafood industry could mean economic stability in the long term. Paying attention to practices that nurture the resources will help the industry proactively work towards regenerating resources and maintaining consistent yields without compromising future production. This will also add to enhancing Bangladeshi seafood’s reputation in global markets, which has become an increasingly important factor in consumer purchasing decisions.

Social Equity:

Seafood industries in Bangladesh alone support millions of livelihoods for the poor and the most deprived groups. Sustainable practices are instrumental in ensuring that fair wages prevail within the fishery and aquaculture industry, as well as good working conditions, and resource access to fishers, and aquaculture workers for increasing social equity, which contributes to strengthening resilience among communities, enhancing livelihoods, and raising the quality of life within those depending on such an industry.

Challenges to Sustainable Industrialization:

While quite evidently this is what Bangladesh needs, there are a lot of difficulties in the implementation of such practices. Some of these include:

Lack of Awareness:

Most of the fishers and aquaculture farmers do not have any idea about sustainable practices or the advantages that could accrue from long-term benefits. This calls for a very necessary education and training program to empower stakeholders with information for the adoption of sustainable methods.

Regulatory Framework:

Most of the existing legal and regulatory frameworks lack enforcement and clarity. Such frameworks must be strengthened to ensure that compliance can be observed to affect sustainable practices. This encompasses clear guidelines on, among other things, fishing quotas, habitat protection, and standards for water quality.

Market Forces:

Global market forces can compel producers to emphasize short-run profits at the expense of long-run sustainability. There is a need for market incentives to reward sustainable practices, such as eco-labeling and certification that appeal to environmentally conscious consumers.

Climate Change:

Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change; thus, the rise in sea levels and other extreme weather conditions is gradually affecting the living conditions of people along the coastal areas. All this adaptation process, while continuing to support sustainable seafood, is a highly complex challenge and requires coordination in efforts at the government, industry, and community-wide levels.

Strategies for Sustainable Industrialization:

The following are some of the strategies that can be utilized to move towards a more sustainable seafood industry:

Education and Capacity Building:

Investment in training programs for both fishers and farmers in aquaculture would make them more appreciative of the environmentally friendly concept. This would be further facilitated by workshops, community outreach, and working in collaboration with NGOs in passing information to such groups and supporting appropriate practices.

Strengthening Regulation:

Governments need to take full responsibility in drafting and enforcing regulations that support sustainability, apart from setting catch limits, protection critical habitats, and water quality monitoring at aquaculture operations.

Promote sustainable aquaculture for reducing environmental impacts:

This shall encompass integrated multitrophic aquaculture systems wherein several species can be reared together to efficiently use available resources and reduce waste. The seafood industry can be benefitted through introducing this type of innovative technology.

Certification and Eco-labeling:

This kind of initiative deserves support in promoting Bangladeshi products in world markets. There is a growing recognition by consumers of responsibly sourced seafood, and certification can lead to better access to markets for those qualified.

Engaging Communities:

There is, however, the need to have communities involved at the level of decision-making to ensure that voices are heard and needs met. This will also help in understanding the exact challenges and finding solutions that would work best considering the values and practices of the communities.

In Bangladesh, seafood culture should be industrially processed in ways that are sustainable. A sustainable approach to seafood production can balance overfishing, pollution, and climate change scales to ensure environmental health security alongside economic prosperity for the nation. This makes investment in education, strengthening regulations, and promoting responsible practices assure Bangladesh that its rich seafood resources shall continue to benefit current and future generations. It is a path to be trod together, and well worth the effort called for by the prizes of a healthy ecosystem, resilient communities, and a strong economy.

Farhana Islam
Agriculturist, Researcher
Fisheries Resource Management, CVASU

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