In 2017, shrimp export of Pakistan to the United States came to a halt due to the absence of Turtle Excluder Devices (TEDs) in fishing nets. This issue posed a threat to endangered turtle populations, prompting Washington to suspend shrimp imports from Pakistan until the installation of TEDs became mandatory. Turtles are considered endangered species in the US and around the world, making this requirement crucial for environmental conservation. (News: Dawn)
TEDs are specialized metal devices incorporated into trawl nets to safeguard turtles. These devices consist of bars and mesh inserted into the net’s neck, allowing shrimp to pass through while deterring larger species, such as turtles, by guiding them towards an exit through a mesh flap. The lack of TEDs in Pakistani shrimp nets resulted in a loss of approximately $150 million in annual exports to the US.
Fishermen Cooperative Society (FCS) senior official, Ahmed Yousuf Bhatti, identified the insufficient use of TEDs as stemming from communication gaps between stakeholders, government departments, and fishermen’s lack of enthusiasm. However, recent developments indicate a positive shift in the industry.
Efforts are now underway to meet the US requirement of TED installation in shrimp-catching nets within the next three to four months, aiming to revive shrimp exports to the US. Mr. Bhatti noted that fishermen were previously hesitant due to the perceived risk of receiving low prices for their shrimp catch and facing higher fuel costs for their sea journeys. However, recent developments have brought about a change in this sentiment. Fast-track training programs at the FCS are providing assurances that TED compliance will benefit both fishermen and the country by boosting foreign exchange earnings. Training sessions are also being extended to high-sea fishing operations.
In addition to training, the introduction of lightweight, durable aluminum-made TEDs, priced at Rs13,000-14,000 (around US $46 – $50) , is replacing the less durable iron-made devices. This transition is expected to address some of the long-term durability issues that have plagued the industry.
An American delegation is expected to visit for a TED installation review within the next three to four months, providing an additional incentive for compliance. Awareness campaigns, training, and financing options for TEDs are being actively promoted to achieve the desired results.
Sarwar Siddiqui, Patron in Chief of the Sindh Trawler Owners and Fishermen Association, stressed the importance of adhering to US regulations and convincing fishermen to use TEDs. Siddiqui acknowledged concerns from fishermen about large fish getting stuck in the net where TED is installed, making fishing trips financially unfeasible. However, he emphasized that compliance is crucial for the industry’s survival.
Managing Director of the Karachi Fish Harbor Authority (KFHA), Zahid Khemtio, highlighted the issue of fishermen removing TEDs from their nets during open-sea fishing trips. Addressing this compliance concern in open sea waters and the establishment of proper TED specifications within the local fishing industry are essential steps in moving forward.
The Livestock and Fisheries Department has directed strict TED implementation on shrimp trawlers, and fishing permits will not be issued without TED installation.
In the ongoing second phase of TED installation training, the Marine Fisheries Department (MFD), KFHA, and Fishermen Cooperative Society Limited (FCSL) have been providing training to boat captains to ensure the proper use and installation of TEDs. With these concerted efforts, shrimp export of Pakistan is striving to regain its position in the lucrative US market while ensuring the protection of endangered turtles.
