Chandra revealed that due to this flood a total of 16,864 aquaculture ponds spanning 5,541 hectares in Chittagong have been severely affected. The floods have washed away approximately 16,595 metric tons of fish, along with 1.4 million various fish fry and 0.2 million shrimp fry. Additionally, infrastructure damage cost amounts to several hundred thousands.

One of the most significant losses has occurred at the Muhuri Project in Mirsarai, known as the largest aquaculture project in Bangladesh. This project, which supplies more than half of Chittagong’s fish, has seen its 6,000-acre reservoir completely devastated by the floodwaters. The natural fishery of the Halda River has also been affected, with large-sized Rohu fish dispersing into different water bodies.

Kamruzzaman Dulal, a farmer from Ichakhali Union, who was heavily invested in the project, shared his ordeal: “I had about 107 acres of fish farms, with an investment of $0.9 million. The floods have washed away all the fish, leaving me with nothing.”

Farmers across the region have reported similar losses, with total damages estimated to many many millions. Dulal, who has been involved in fish farming for eight years, described this as the worst disaster he has ever faced.

Reports from the District Fisheries Officer’s office indicate that the floods have also devastated fisheries in Mirsarai, Fatikchari, Hathazari, Raujan, Sitakunda, and other upazilas. In Mirsarai alone, the aquaculture sector has suffered losses amounting around $12 million. Fatikchari upazila follows with a reported loss of $2.52 million, while Hathazari upazila has incurred damages worth $1 million.

Fatikchari Upazila Nirbahi Officer (UNO) Md. Mozammel Haque Chowdhury reported that floodwaters are entering localities after the Halda River’s dam broke in the Nazirhat area. Overflowing canals are further contributing to the flooding, exacerbating the situation for the local fisheries sector.

This widespread devastation highlights the urgent need for relief measures and support for the affected communities in Chittagong.

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Necessity of high-quality feed:

The only way to accomplish this is by fish farming, as the natural food and spawn found in the water are insufficient to support the growth and production of fish. Therefore, to raise the production per unit area, high-quality supplemental feed is required. A balanced diet and the use of high-quality fish fry are essential for the success of both intensive and semi-intensive fish culture.

Over 1 million tons of commercial pelleted feed are now being developed for use by aquaculture farmers in Bangladesh as a result of the country’s significant increase in the use of aquaculture feeds in recent years. Small feed-making businesses located in villages are preparing an additional 0.4 million tons of locally formulated and processed diets. Many aquaculture producers have been able to increase productivity because to the rapid development in the usage of formulated feeds, but this has also brought up a number of concerns about feed quality, feed management effectiveness, and environmental sustainability.

The feeding of fish with specially prepared diets has increased the intensity of production of major fish species, including major carps, climbing perch (Anabas testudineus), pangas (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus), and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

Feed Types:

Fish ponds employ two different kinds of food:

1. Organic food
2. Supplementary/ Commercial feeds

The pond contains naturally occurring food. Fish, worms, insects, snails, bacteria, plankton, and aquatic plants are a few possible inclusions. The quality of the water has a big impact on their quantity. Fertilization, especially organic fertilization, and liming might assist farmers in giving a healthy supply of natural food.

Supplementary feeds are meals that are given to the fish in the pond on a regular basis. Typically, they are made of inexpensive, readily available materials from the area, including kitchen scraps, terrestrial plants, or agricultural byproducts.

Commercial meals might likewise be given out on a regular basis. They are created using a blend of carefully chosen components to offer all the essential nutrients. There are two forms of commercially produced fish feed: wet pelleted feeds and dry pelleted feeds. Because of its easy application, long shelf life, and accessible availability, dry feed is a better option. The principal components for the production of fish feed are fish meal (5–15 percent inclusion), fish bran (20–50 percent inclusion), maize (5–20 percent inclusion), soybean meal (10–30 percent inclusion), mustard oil cake (10–25 percent inclusion), and meat and bone meal (10–20 percent inclusion).

De-oiled rice bran (DORB), grade A rice bran (85%–90% bran and 10-15% husk), and grade B rice bran (60–50% bran and 40–50% husk) are the three varieties of rice bran that are used. Grade A rice bran and DORB have protein contents of roughly 10–13 percent and 12–17%, respectively.
Fish meals for sinking and floating species usually contain 10–20% and 20–30%, respectively, of soybean meal or cake. The nutrient composition of local fish meal, which is produced from a range of garbage fish, crabs, and other aquatic animals, varies greatly.

Enhancing feed usage efficiency is crucial because feed is the biggest expense in fish production. However, some of the feed’s nutrient-rich elements are too complex for the animal to properly digest and metabolize, which leads to partial or incomplete nutrient absorption. This has a detrimental effect on the animals’ growth and general health. By adding particular enzymes to fish feed, anti-nutritional factors can be countered and dietary energy and amino acid consumption can be improved, which will increase fish performance.

Value chains, which link feed providers and farmers, have grown alongside the formulated feed sector. However, a greater number of rural farmers still do not have access to formulated feed. Fish farms must have access to high-quality inputs like feed and fry at competitive prices and at the appropriate times in order to increase fish production in a sustainable manner.

Farhana Islam
Agriculturist, Researcher
Fisheries Resource Management, CVASU

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Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) is a system that feeds species with organisms that extract organic materials and extractive inorganic species that grow on aquaculture wastes. Because it can incorporate multiple species, IMTA is thought to be more sustainable than traditional monoculture systems. Polyculture, or the farming of two or more species together, is comparable to integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, or IMTA. IMTA entails the selection, arrangement, and dispersal of different species and/or components within the system in order to facilitate the absorption and utilization of both particulate and dissolved waste products produced by fish farms.

Principle of IMTA:

“Extraction and conversion through diversification is the solution to nitrification, not dilution,” is the foundational idea of the IMTA. By converting leftovers and uneaten feed from fed organisms into harvestable crops, IMTA reduces eutrophication, increases economic diversity, and enhances environmental and economic sustainability. IMTA entails the selection, arrangement, and dispersal of different species and/or components within the system in order to facilitate the absorption and utilization of both particulate and dissolved waste products produced by fish farms.

Benefits of IMTA:

IMTA is a technique that combines the evolution of inorganic extractive species with feeding aquaculture species to produce a balanced system that is socially, economically, and environmentally flexible. Better management practices may be beneficial. The amount of waste products in the environment decreased as a result of the “recycling” of aquaculture nutrients. Intense land-based tank culture is susceptible to IMTA.

Several aquatic species from various trophic levels are raised in integrated farming systems (IMTAs) to increase productivity, cut waste, and supply ecosystem services like bioremediation.  Lower trophic level species, which are typically plants or invertebrates, obtain their nutrients from waste materials like excrement and leftover food from higher trophic level species, which are mainly finfish.

Byproducts from one aquatic species, including trash, is used as inputs (fertilizers, food) for another aquatic species through integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA). Farmers create balanced systems for environmental remediation (biomitigation), economic stability (better output, lower cost, product diversification and risk reduction), and social acceptability (better management practices) by combining fed aquaculture (fish, shrimp) with inorganic extractive (seaweed) and organic extractive (shellfish).

There are a number of benefits to the IMTA system. The benefits of IMTA include:

• Reducing wastewater by the use of biofilters (bio-mitigation).
• A general increase in economic output through the use of species’ capacities for extraction at different trophic levels leading to increased profitability.
• Bio-filter culture uses waste from integrated multi-trophic aquaculture systems as a resource.
• An increase in local employment and stimulating the local economy.
• Moreover, IMTA makes it possible to maximize the available area. It makes it possible to create multiple goods in the same area, making better and more efficient use of the resource.
• Some extractive species, like seaweed, have the ability to prevent or reduce disease because of their antibacterial properties against microorganisms that cause illness in fish.
• Obtaining organic certification and eco-labeling schemes increases profit.
• Diversity increases the business’s resilience by supplying different sources of revenue and cash flows. By filling a new market niche, IMTA products offer more environmentally friendly and circular items that may fetch a higher price.
• IMTA boosts farm absorption capacity while dramatically lowering aquaculture’s environmental cost.

Challenges of IMTA:

However, this system’s drawbacks include:

• IMTA provide a lower yield than monocultures
• Farmers have worries about food safety due to parasites
• It has problems with public perception and species restriction
• IMTA needs effective management in order to balance inputs and nutrient fluxes.
• As people become familiar with the new procedures and technologies, the transition to IMTA will take time.

Farhana Islam
Agriculturist, Researcher
Fisheries Resource Management, CVASU

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In an effort to increase the population’s breeding value, selective breeding involves choosing and mating only the best fish largest, heaviest, desired color, etc. in the hopes that the chosen brood fish will be able to pass on their superiority to their progeny.

Pros :

A fish farmer can enhance fish productivity in two ways: The first is to expand the fish farm, which is a highly costly method. The weight of fish generated in each pond is called yield, and increasing it is the second goal. A fish farmer can raise output in two ways: The first method involves altering the environment, such as by using more lime, fertilizers, feeds, and/or better control over water quality. Raising fish that have been genetically modified is the second. When both strategies are applied, yields can rise significantly.

Numerous breeding initiatives are available to enhance the genetic makeup of a fish population. For thousands of years, farmers have utilized two conventional methods to enhance the quality of fish they raise: selective breeding and crossbreeding or hybridization. The use of hybridization, selection, and other breeding programs by fish farmers to enhance aquaculture food fish species is still relatively new. Fish that are fundamentally wild and unimproved are being cultivated by many fish farmers, notwithstanding some advances already made.

The next generation of fish will be more valuable if selective breeding takes place because the fish will develop more quickly, increasing yields; more effectively, lowering feed costs; or all fish will have a more desirable body color, increasing their market worth.

Selective breeding can be advantageous for businesses and the environment as a means of enhancing species factors. For instance, most aquatic animals have heritable disease resistance, with an estimated 12.5 percent genetic improvement per generation. More resistant fish are better for the environment because they require fewer veterinarian treatments, which can slow the development of resistance and lower the chance that disease will spread to wild fish populations. Less wasted feed, which is sometimes the most expensive aspect of aquaculture production, and more market-driven fish supply predictability are two advantages for businesses.

Cons :

Experts believe that one drawback is the inability to manage whether or not the progeny would inherit undesirable characteristics. The majority of genetic changes that affect fish are not advantageous. Gene creation is neither controllable or regulated in this approach or procedure.

Because plants and animals are selected for particular qualities and bred with other species that share those qualities, the progeny may differ greatly from the parents. As a result, there’s a chance that some of the parents’ genes will be lost, and it might be challenging to pass them on to the following generation. This may cause genes to disappear from the genetic pool.

Programs for selective breeding need commitment, a certain amount of expertise, documentation, and additional labor. Furthermore, funding is needed for selective breeding programs; they are not free. Usually, this treatment doesn’t result in improvements right away. A farmer needs to be patient and able to integrate long-term planning into his farm management program because improvements often take at least one growing season to manifest. The presence of suitable facilities is the last prerequisite that needs to be satisfied before a farmer may carry out a selective breeding program. The biology of the species and how it is grown should be carefully addressed before deciding to execute a selective breeding program to boost growth rate, even if a farmer has the skill, ability and desire to do so.

Farhana Islam
Agriculturist, Researcher
Fisheries Resource Management, CVASU

The post The pros and cons of selective breeding technique for aquaculture sustainability appeared first on Seafood Network BD.

It is now crucial to safeguard this threatened species in a way that is both worthwhile and sustainable. However, due to the lack of high-quality seeds and the challenge of inducing breeding in this fish species, neither commercialization nor conservation of the species could be accomplished. There should be clear guidelines for snakehead culture’s practices.

Site selection

Snakehead culture is best suited for locations near canals or rivers that have enough high-quality water flowing through them either tidally or by pumping.

Pond preparation

The stocking pond is 30 decimal meters in size and 0.5 to 0.8 meters deep. Ponds should be fully dried, tilled, and have excess aquatic plants and shrubs removed to create embankments. One kilogram of lime per decimal place should be added to the pond to increase productivity and the pH of the water. To raise the density of plankton in pond waters, inorganic fertilizers such as 300 g/decimal urea and 700 g/decimal triple super phosphate (TSP) should be added after 5 days of water intake. Applying 5 kg/decimal of cow manure after 5 days of fertilization is recommended. Then, 2 kg of mustered oil cake per decimal should be administered after 2 days. Horra (Metal chain) should be pulled daily over the following seven days to avoid fertilizers settling and perhaps causing methane to build up in the bottom of the pond. Once there is an abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton, the pond water turns green, making it suitable for the stocking of desirable fish fingerlings.

Seed or brood collection

In order to produce high-quality seed, farmers can purchase Shol brood or fingerlings from breeders or from the natural water bodies of haor, baor, or beel and place them in ponds for natural breeding. Snakehead breed during pre-monsoon and monsoon season. The stocking period of fry is from June to November and brood in pre monsoon season. These fry are added to the nursing pond at a rate of 345–874 fry/m2, or 0.15–0.38 kg/m2.

Feed management

The C. striatus fish typically feed at night. Till harvesting, shol fish should be fed live feed or trash fish with an additional diet of rice bran, fish meal, and mustard oilcake at a rate determined by their anticipated body weight. For the first week of their culture, fingerlings should be fed at a rate of 20% of their body weight; after that, the rate should be gradually reduced. Typically, extra, or uneaten food is discovered to float for three to four hours, allowing the feeding schedule to be adjusted appropriately.

Water quality & disease management

Since natural selection occurs in the wild, where the seed stock originates, snakeheads have a high level of resistance to disease and parasites. Abnormalities brought on by environmental stress, parasite attacks, and poor water quality resulted in significant losses in fish productivity. In order to stop these losses, effective monitoring is required.

Harvest & Marketing

Snakeheads are cultured for seven to eleven months. Once the fish reach a marketable size, they are harvested when the price on the market is favorable. Using a portable water pump to decrease the water level in the raising pond and then seining are involved in harvesting. Following the process of sieving, the entire crop is harvested, and the pond is emptied.

Farhana Islam
Agriculturist, Researcher
Fisheries Resource Management, CVASU

The post Culture Technique of Snakehead Catfish, Shoal in the Pond appeared first on Seafood Network BD.

The basis of heterosis is built on what are known as dominance genetic effects, which are the outcome of interactions between the allele pairs at every gene that affects a certain trait. In fact, combinations at every level—of species, of lines within species, and sometimes even of individuals within a population—are what underpin the use of dominance genetic effects.

Hybrid vs Crossbreed

In its purest definition, hybridization is the crossover of related species. Crossing channel catfish with blue catfish, Nile tilapia with blue tilapia, and striped bass with white bass are a few instances. On the other hand, the best name for the crossing of different stocks, lines, or variants of the same species is crossbreeding, and the offspring that result are called crossbreeds.

Potentialities of hybrid species:

Over the years, a variety of cultivated aquatic species have used heterosis, the well-known idea of “hybrid vigour,” to enhance fitness-related qualities like growth, fecundity, and disease resistance. About a year ago, a number of intriguing new research on heterosis and hybridization in aquaculture were published.

When hybrid offspring exhibit enhanced or increased biological traits relative to the parent species, this phenomenon is known as heterosis. In other words, the resulting hybrids may develop more quickly, larger, or aggressively. Since many of these fish are sterile, they don’t need to expend energy developing gonads or attempting to breed. They use their calories to get more nourishment, which causes them to grow bigger more quickly.

In comparison to their parents, the new fish hybrids are growing more quickly. Typically stronger, they can withstand low dissolved oxygen conditions well, and they produce more steaks. As a example; the hybrid striped bass, also known as wiper bass, is produced when striped bass and white bass cross. created first in the 1960s using white bass sperm and striper eggs. Wipers are among the most abundant hybrid gamefish in the US, and for good reason. In warmer, less oxygenated water, wipers also perform better than stripers. They are so stocked in a wide variety of waterbodies. They are particularly useful in aquaculture since they grow quickly and have a delicious flavor.

In rare cases, hybridization can be employed as a conservation strategy to bring genetic diversity to populations that are in danger of extinction. 

Is it disadvantageous?

The potential benefit of using heterosis to improve traits with low heritabilities is fleeting, despite the fact that it can be an appealing approach. These interactions disappear during the development of eggs and sperm because they depend on particular gene combinations.

Reproductive output can be altered by hybridization through inefficient reproduction or altered mating behavior. These modifications are seen as a drawback of hybridization since they usually result in a decrease in reproductive success. Therefore, it is sad that heterosis cannot be inherited or passed down through the generations. Because of the genetic incompatibility of the parent species, hybrids may be more susceptible to genetic defects and health issues.

Farhana Islam
Agriculturist, Researcher
Fisheries Resource Management, CVASU

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Now, why should we care about Vetki / Koral fish? Well, they’re not just tasty; they play a vital role in keeping our ecosystem in check. These fish are like the clean-up crew, getting rid of dead organic waste. And guess what? They’re loaded with good stuff like fatty acids and Omega-3, which are great for lowering bad cholesterol and reducing the risk of diabetes and cancer. Plus, they’re packed with nutrients like protein, zinc, calcium, and magnesium, all of which are good for our bones. And let’s not forget the vitamin A, which keeps our eyes in top shape. So, eating Vetki fish is not just a treat; it’s like a health boost.

But there’s a catch. Despite being popular, Koral fish face some challenges in Bangladesh. Illegal fishing and environmental damage are causing problems. People are trying to farm these fish during the off-season by using leftover nets from prawn fishing, and it’s showing some promise. The little Vetki fish grow fast, and the big ones are in high demand, making it a good way to make money.

However, there’s still work to be done. Bangladesh is doing great in freshwater fish farming, but when it comes to farming in the sea fish, especially Asian Seabass, we’re a bit behind. We need to figure out how to make more Asia Seabass babies in a controlled way. Though there’s a recent success on artificial breeding by a local hatchery in Cox’s Bazaar named “Greenhouse Mariculture”. Now, its time to see how it turns out in commercial way, lets say we give more or less 3-5 years and hopefully something sustainable can be expected. Currently, many coastal fish farmers are already practicing Vetki farming, collecting fingerlings of imported brood from local hatcheries. Along with many the main challenge for rearing Asian Seabass, is the right food for the growth. There are some smart folks are already experimenting with different types of fish food to help Asian Seabass grow faster, but it can be expensive.

So, the bottom line is, there’s a lot of potential in farming Vetki fish, but we need to tackle the challenges like illegal fishing and figure out how to make it work in the aquaculture / Mariculture. If we can do that, we’ll not only get to enjoy more delicious Vetki dishes but also help our coastal waters stay healthy and diverse. Win-win!

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Diverse varieties of fish, both small and large, grace this vibrant fair, with notable species like Rohu, Catla, Silver carp, Bighead, Chital, and Boal taking the spotlight. Coinciding with this event, nearby villages also celebrate the Nabanna festival (Bengali crop harvesting festival), adding to the festive atmosphere.

Attendees, many of whom are regulars at the fair, share their enthusiasm. Seema Akhtar, a bride attending with her husband, expresses delight at witnessing the impressive array of large fish. “I see big fish, and it feels so good,” she remarks.

Rabbi, a son-in-law participating in the “Jamai mela”, proudly shares, “I bought a hefty 15 kg Catla fish and am heading to my father-in-law’s house with this prized catch.”

Local residents, Ruhul Amin and Kajal Chandra, note that the fair, coinciding with Nabanna, witnesses a significant surge in fish supply, resulting in more reasonable prices. This affordability attracts buyers from distant locations, eager to secure their share of the diverse catch.

Rezaul Karim, the tenant of Panchshira Bazaar, reports a substantial influx of fish, ranging from 300 to 2,000 taka per kg, depending on the type. He emphasizes that larger fish dominate the offerings, contributing to the fair’s allure.

As sellers converge from different regions, the fair becomes a bustling hub of commerce. Despite its one-day duration, transactions worth several lakhs of taka unfold, making it a lucrative marketplace. The event coincides with Nabanna, prompting locals to share the festive spirit with neighboring villages and revel in the joyous celebration of this agricultural festival.

Anwar Ali, the Fisheries Officer of Kalai Upazila, highlights the fair’s main attraction: the presence of large fish. Traders and fish farmers meticulously collect sizable catches from various areas, ensuring a diverse and impressive display at the fair. Stringent measures are in place to prevent the sale of compromised fish, ensuring the event’s continued success and safety for all participants.

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A long period of dedicated fishing has led to outstanding results for the fish farmers of Jashore, bringing the district to the forefront of the region’s fish production. Besides local fishermen, large companies have stepped forward to produce fish in the district and are farming many endangered species.

The fish output in Jashore has seen consistent growth over the years, hence demonstrating its inherent potential. According to the Jashore District Fisheries office, the fish production in the district witnessed an increase throughout the years. In the fiscal year 2019-20, the district recorded a fish production of 2,23,792 tons, which is higher than the previous years’ figures of 2,22,168 tons in 2018-19 and 2,18,610 tons in 2017-18. The district produced 2,41,107 tons of fish in fiscal year 2022-23, exceeding all expectations.

According to a report published in 2020, the Jashore district is home to an estimated total of 22 fish species that are cultivated using aquaculture practices. The highest production is in Rui, with 49,870 tons produced. In addition, the recorded quantities of fish production in that particular year were as follows: 14,398 tons of katol, 25,999 tons of mrigel, 41,552 tons of silver carp, 11,781 tons of pangas, 20,793 tons of tilapia, and 5,990 tons of various other tiny fish. The numbers have, however, increased significantly over the past few years, surpassing all previous records.

According to Abdul Quddus, the owner of Satata Fish located in the Sharsha upazila of Jashore, the company engages in aquaculture of various fish species including pabda and tengra. Every year, at least 50,000 tons of fish are produced in this hatchery.

Additionally, the establishment of numerous companies in this district has created massive employment opportunities.

Afil Aqua Fish, a prominent fish hatchery in the district, has a workforce of 2,000 individuals and achieves a daily output of 10 metric tons of fish and fish fry. This impressive production is facilitated by the utilization of 667 acres of land. Currently, Afil Aqua Fish produces endangered large-size native fish through intensive care, preserving their quality.

Furthermore, ornamental fish are currently mostly produced in Jashore hatcheries by teenagers, the bulk of whom are students. Many of them have found success in cultivating ornamental fish, which provides employment possibilities for people and serves as motivation for many other entrepreneurs.

Jaber Bin Abdul Bari
Department of Oceanography, NSTU

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One of Vietnam’s native fish species is the Vietnamese koi. South Asian nations are witnessing a surge in the cultivation of Vietnam koi fish. Its exterior physical form is nearly identical to that of the native climbing perch (koi) found in Bangladesh; nevertheless, it has two black spots—one in the operculum and another in the caudal peduncle—that are absent from the impoverished koi fish species.

Culture potentialities Vietnamese Koi fish

Fish farming entrepreneurs are becoming more and more interested in Vietnam koi fish farming due to its easier maintenance requirements and higher profitability. Because the Vietnamese koi fish species is growing at a faster pace there, it has a lot of potential to improve our fishing industry. It only achieved 200–250 g after 4 months of cultivation. Due to rising market prices, fish farmers in West Bengal (India), Bangladesh, Srilanka, Pakistan, and Myanmar are in greater demand for this species on a daily basis. Other fast-growing climbing perches called as Thai and Vietnamese koi strains were introduced from Thailand and Vietnam in 2002 and 2010, respectively, to alleviate this situation.

Regarding Rui or grass carp fish farming, Vietnam koi breeds are preferred because they develop more swiftly and require less maintenance than carp fish. With a little money and no prior knowledge, anyone can run a profitable Vietnam koi fish farming business. Any pond, concrete tanks, cages, plastic tanks or even a biofloc fish farming system can be used to raise this type of freshwater fish. 

Due to its high concentration of iron, copper, readily digested polyunsaturated fats, and numerous vital amino acids, this kind of fish is valued as food and is advised for those who are ill or recovering. The creation of appropriate culture technologies for short-cycle fish species is crucial to raising fish production. In Bangladesh’s semi-arid zone, a novel cultural pattern known as polyculture of Vietnam koi (Anabas testudineus) was introduced to facilitate the appropriate use of small seasonal water bodies and reduce the impact of climate threats.

The polyculture method of raising Vietnamese Koi and monosex tilapia in ponds has a lot of potential and is feasible due to their quick development, high yielding, high stocking densities, ability to withstand fluctuations in water quality parameters, similar feed requirements, and strong market demand in Bangladesh.

Some disadvantages of polyculture include high feed costs, contaminated fry from the source, tilapia reproducing as a result of incorrectly hormonized monosex tilapia, and unexpectedly low tilapia prices at the market.

Farhana Islam
Agriculturist, Researcher
Fisheries Resource Management, CVASU

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