As a partner organisation of ANB, Seafood Network Bangladesh (SNB) attended the workshop to cover industry developments and promote sector-wide knowledge sharing. Representatives from FISHBYTE, another ANB partner, were also present and participated actively in the discussions.

Broad Representation Across Government, Academia, and Industry

The event was chaired by Prof. Dr. Md. Monirul Islam (University of Dhaka / BFRF).
Mr. Abu Tahir Muhammed Zaber, Secretary of the Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, attended as Chief Guest.

Distinguished Special Guests included:

• Dr. Md. Abdur Rouf, Director General, Department of Fisheries
• Rear Admiral Dr. Khandakar Akhter Hossain, Vice-Chancellor, Bangladesh Marine University

The workshop began with a welcome session and an introduction to ANB delivered by Prof. Dr. Md. Lifat Rahi of Khulna University (BSFF).

ANB’s partner organizations represented at the event included Bangladesh Marine University (BMU), Bangladesh Shrimp and Fish Foundation (BSFF), Bangladesh Fisheries Research Forum (BFRF), private sector partner FISHBYTE.

Workshop Sessions and Key Presentations

The workshop aimed to:

• Share findings from recent regional dialogues with shrimp, finfish, hatchery, and smallholder farming communities.
• Facilitate policy-oriented discussions between government, researchers, industry, and field-level actors.
• Identify strategic priorities needed to guide a future National Aquaculture Policy.

Keynote presentations included:

• Dr. Md. Motaleb Hossain – Current status and advancement of Bangladesh’s aquaculture sector
• Prof. Dr. Md. Abdul Wahab – Why Bangladesh needs a National Aquaculture Policy
• Dr. Maria Zaman – Integrating Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) into aquaculture development

Following the technical session, a panel discussion and an open floor dialogue allowed participants to exchange practical perspectives on industry challenges, governance gaps, and policy opportunities.

Toward a More Sustainable and Inclusive Aquaculture Policy

The workshop concluded with shared expectations to:

• Establish clear and actionable policy priorities for sustainable aquaculture development.
• Strengthen knowledge-sharing mechanisms between government, academia, private sector, and farming communities.
• Enhance stakeholder networking to encourage coordinated sector growth.
• Develop practical, inclusive, and climate-resilient recommendations for the proposed National Aquaculture Policy of Bangladesh.

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In this article, we introduce you to 10 absolute essential authentic Bangladeshi seafood dishes that truly reflect the country’s authentic flavor.

Traditional Bangladeshi Seafood Dishes

1. Ilish Bhuna (Hilsa Curry)

Ilish or Hilsa is Bangladesh’s national fish and is sought after for its soft texture and delicate taste. The Ilish Bhuna is a pungent and hot dish in which the Hilsa fish is cooked slowly over mustard oil, onions, green chilies, and a variety of Bangladeshi spices. It is served with plain white rice so that the exquisite flavor of the Hilsa becomes more apparent. It sometimes involves yogurt or tomatoes being incorporated for a blast of extra taste.

Why You Should Give It A Go:

• The pungency of mustard oil and Hilsa used together provides a unique flavor.
• It is an old Bangladesh recipe and typically prepared for celebrations like Pohela Boishakh (Bengali New Year).

2. Shorshe Ilish (Hilsa in Mustard Sauce)

The second iconic Hilsa dish, Shorshe Ilish, involves the fish cooked in a paste made of thick mustard seeds, turmeric, and mustard oil. The mustard imparts the natural taste of Hilsa a further pungency, and it is one of Bangladesh’s most prized seafood dishes.

Why You Should Try It:

• The combination of Hilsa and mustard is culinary magic.
• It’s a hit with most Bengali households and festivities.

3. Chingri Malai Curry (Prawn Coconut Curry)

Chingri (prawns) are a staple of Bangladeshi cuisine, and Chingri Malai Curry is royal-worthy. This decadent dish is prawns in a rich coconut milk sauce flavored with cardamom and cinnamon spices.

Why You Should Try It:

• The combination of spices and coconut milk gives a creamy but hint of sweetness flavor.
• Perfect for special occasions and can be paired with fragrant basmati rice.

4. Rupchanda Fry (Pomfret Fry)

Rupchanda (Pomfret) is a common fish that’s normally deep-fried to golden crisp. Rupchanda Fry is also turmeric, red chili powder, garlic, and lime juice seasoned before frying in mustard oil for extra flavor.

Why You Should Try It:

• The crispy exterior and soft interior give the texture with an awesome contrast.
• It is usually accompanied by a dal (lentil soup) and rice as a hot meal on the side.

5. Loitta Shutki Bhuna (Stir-Fried Dried Bombay Duck)

Shutki (sun-dried fish) is not to everyone’s taste, but if you enjoy pungent flavors, then you should have a go at the Loitta Shutki Bhuna. Loitta (Bombay duck) is sun-dried and then stir-fried with onion, garlic, and chilies and is therefore a concentrated, umami-rich dish.

Why You Should Try It

• A unique and strong-flavored dish enjoyed by seafood fans.
• It’s a mainstay in many rural households and a symbol of Bangladeshi culture.

6. Chingri Shutki Bhuna (Dried Prawn Stir-Fry)

Chingri Shutki, or dried shrimp, is a variation of Shutki Bhuna, where little dried shrimps are pan-fried with garlic, onions, mustard seeds, and loads of chilies. It’s very pungently flavored and works best with plain rice.

Why You Should Try It:

• The smoky, strong flavor makes the Shutki a winner.
• It’s a high-protein meal with a very Bangladeshi flavor.

7. Kakra Jhal (Spicy Crab Curry)

Crabs, known locally as Kakra, are a seafood treat by the sea. Kakra Jhal is a spicy crab curry made with tomatoes, green chilies, and mustard oil. The curry is very pungent and loaded with bold flavors.

Why You Should Try It:

• The crab’s meat absorbs the flavor of the rich spicy gravy.
• It’s a great dish for those who prefer seafood with some spiciness.

8. Bhetki Paturi (Barramundi Wrapping in Banana Leaf)

Bhetki Paturi is a very ancient dish where Barramundi fish is marinated in mustard paste, wrapped in banana leaves, and barbecued or steamed. It keeps the moisture content intact and provides a smoky flavor to the fish.

Why You Should Try It:

• The tender, flaky texture of Barramundi is enhanced with mustard marinade.
• Steaming and cooking in banana leaves impart a strong, earthy flavor.

Two more traditional Bangladeshi fish delicacy for you as a BONUS! This two try worthy fish don’t directly falls under the seafood category but they have strong appeal to the fish gourmets in the country.

9. Pabda Macher Jhol (Pabda Fish Curry)

Pabda Mach (Butterfish) is a small freshwater fish and is typically served in a light, soupy curry known as Pabda Macher Jhol. Prepared with tomatoes, mustard seeds, potatoes, and very little spice so as to not overpower the natural flavor of the fish.

Why You Should Try It:

A testament to Bangladeshi home cooking’s simplicity and grace.

A light, healthy meal, perfect for daily fare.

10. Koi Macher Kalia (Climbing Perch in Rich Gravy)

One of the various freshwater fish in Bangladeshi rivers is Koi Mach (Climbing Perch). Koi Macher Kalia is a rich, creamy gravy dish in which the fish is cooked with onions, tomatoes, and spices such as cinnamon and bay leaves.

Why You Should Try It:

Koi fish is believed to have medicinal properties and is commonly recommended for recovery from disease.

The dish is delicious, palatable, and can be served with steamed rice.

The Influence of Seafood within Bangladeshi Tradition

The vast array of fish and seafood is not only indicative of Bangladesh’s geographical diversity but also of its close connection with its rivers and coastlines. Traditional cooking methods, passed down through the years, aim to enhance the natural flavor of the catch, most often employing readily accessible and uncomplicated ingredients.

The coastal regions also have the luxury of indulging in a range of seafood chutneys and pickles that provide an incredible explosion of flavors. The availability of such diverse ingredients has led to the development of a large number of regional specialties that form an essential part of the country’s culinary heritage.

Bangladesh seafood cuisine is rich, pungent, and traditional. Ranging from the mild Hilsa curries to the pungent flavor of dried fish stir-fries, each food is imbued with culture and heritage. Mild or spicy, rich gravies, there is something for all seafood lovers in Bangladeshi cuisine.

Thus, if at any time in the future you get a chance to visit Bangladesh or wish to try its flavors at home, these 10 classic seafood meals to try are on your ‘to-do list.’ Enjoy the authentic flavor and experience the zest of Bangladeshi culinary culture!

Among these, what have you tried, or among these which of these you impatiently wait to try?

Farhana Islam
Agriculturist, Researcher
Fisheries Resource Management, CVASU

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The training aimed to enhance expertise in detecting and analyzing pesticide residues in fish, a growing concern due to increasing agricultural runoff and contamination in water bodies. Dr. Munshi Rashid Ahmad, Director (Research) of BARI, attended as the chief guest, emphasizing the critical need for advanced testing capabilities to ensure safe and sustainable aquaculture practices. The session was chaired by Dr. Nirmal Kumar Dutta, Chief Scientific Officer of the Entomology Division, who highlighted BARI’s role in promoting scientific research and training initiatives to improve food safety standards.

The workshop covered key aspects of pesticide residue analysis, including sample collection, laboratory techniques, and regulatory guidelines. Participants were trained on modern analytical methods to detect harmful chemical residues in fish, ensuring compliance with both national and international food safety standards.

With the increasing demand for safe and high-quality seafood, such initiatives play a crucial role in protecting public health, boosting consumer confidence, and strengthening Bangladesh’s fish export industry. BARI continues to lead the way in research-driven solutions to ensure the sustainability and safety of the country’s fisheries sector.

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At the Fisheries Entrepreneur Summit-2025 yesterday, held at the Bangladesh-China Friendship Conference Center, Fisheries and Livestock Adviser Farida Akhter raised concerns about the deteriorating condition of Bangladesh’s rivers and water bodies. She pointed out that unchecked pollution, agricultural chemicals, and indiscriminate land filling are making it difficult for fish populations to thrive. If this trend continues, the future of the country’s fish production will be at risk.

The summit aims to foster innovation, sustainable development, and entrepreneurship in the fisheries sector, driving growth and resilience. The adviser emphasized the importance of a coordinated approach among different government ministries to ensure safe and sustainable fish production for future generations.

Adviser Farida Akhter also highlighted the potential dangers of industrializing fisheries, warning that transforming fisheries into an industry could alter its core nature and lead to consequences similar to those seen in industrial food production worldwide. She stressed the need to maintain a balance between economic growth and environmental sustainability to protect the sector.

Another concern is the changing dietary habits among younger generations. Traditionally, fish has been a staple of the Bangladeshi diet, but there is a growing shift towards poultry and processed foods. The adviser noted that many young people now prefer meat and eggs over fish, which could have long-term effects on public health and the fisheries industry. She encouraged promoting fish consumption, particularly among children, and emphasized the nutritional benefits of small fish, which are rich in essential minerals.

To secure the future of Bangladesh’s fisheries, Adviser Farida Akhter urged for sustainable aquaculture practices, conservation of water bodies, and policies that promote fish farming while protecting the environment. As climate change and human activities continue to threaten aquatic ecosystems, immediate action is needed to safeguard one of the country’s most vital sectors.

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Importance of Aquaculture Disease Prevention

Amongst all the risks, diseases are considered one of the major threats in aquaculture species. The diseases spread in a very rapid manner in high-density farming systems. Some of the important reasons for prioritizing disease prevention include:

• Economic Impact: It means that once a disease outbreak occurs, economic loss through reduced production and mortalities are the result; therefore, the costs of treatments of sick fish increase accordingly.
• Sustainability: Absence of diseases rules out the use of antibiotics and chemicals, hence reducing environmental degradation.
• Food Safety: Healthy aquaculture stock ensures that whatever is consumed by the end user or customer is safe for their consumption.
• Conservation: Prevention methods reduce the possibility of wild species getting infected with a certain pathogen.

Aquaculture Species Diseases

Identifying the aquaculture species diseases is the first step to better management of the same. Diseases are normally bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic. Examples are:

Bacterial Diseases

• Vibriosis: Infection in shrimp, fish, and shellfish. Symptoms include loss of appetite and lethargy, skin lesions.
• Aeromoniasis: Common in freshwater fish. It leads to ulcers, fin rot, and septicemia.

Viral Diseases

• White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV): an extremely serious disease of shrimp farming. It causes high mortality within days.
• Infectious Salmon Anemia (ISA): It affects salmon, causing pale gills and swelling.

Fungal Diseases

• Saprolegniasis: It affects the eggs and juveniles of fish, causing white cotton-like growth on the skin or gills.

Parasitic Diseases

• Sea Lice: It is a common parasite in salmon farming. It causes skin damage and stress.
• Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich): It causes white spots on the body and fins of fish.

Key Strategies for Aquatic Disease Prevention

Aquatic disease prevention is effectuated through being proactive and optimal environmental conditions. The following are the key strategies:

Biosecurity Measures

Biosecurity remains very key in preventing entry and spread of diseases. Some of the key practices include:

• Quarantine: The isolation of new stocks, observing them before actual introduction to the main population.
• Sanitation: Cleaning tanks and ponds together with equipment, instruments within a radius of farms to prevent disease causative agent accumulations.
• Limiting Access: Grant access to as few people as possible and let the least numbers of vehicles that would not facilitate the contamination aspects towards the areas within the farms’ radius.

Water Quality Management

A wholesome Aquatic Environment would minimize the degree of stress resulting in reduced diseases. Some important things to be checked:

• Dissolved Oxygen: DO at optimum levels to avoid hypoxia.
• pH Levels: Stable and appropriate pH for the species being cultivated.
• Ammonia and Nitite Levels: The levels of these compounds should be maintained low through effective filtration and renewal of water.
• Temperature: Extreme changes in temperature should not occur, as such changes are stressful to the species.

Vaccination Programs

Vaccines help protect aquaculture species from known pathogens. Benefits include:

• Long-term immunity against prevalent diseases is attained.
• The use of antibiotics is reduced.
• The survival and production are improved.

Adequate Nutrition

Good nutrition also enhances the immunity of the aquaculture species. Areas of concern are outlined below:

• Complete nutritional and species-specific feeds should be supplied.
• Probiotics and additives enhances gut health/infection resistance.
• In addition, do not waste food that might deteriorate the water quality.

Health Monitoring

Regular health monitoring of stock enables early diagnosis of disease problems well before a general incidence assumes serious proportions.

Approaches

• Visual observations for signs of abnormality and changes in behavioral patterns.
• Rocinela Sampling for pathological examination to identify causative agent.
• Health records, which give a time-course of health trends.

Health Monitoring Techniques

Aquaculture health monitoring can be defined as the routine and systematic assessment of the health condition of a particular species in culture. Health monitoring encompasses many techniques and equipment, which are as follows:

Behavioral Observations

Observe symptoms of fish, such as loss of appetite or erratic feeding behavior, listlessness or erratic swimming behavior, and aggression or isolation.

Water Quality Testing

Periodically monitor water parameters through:

• DO, pH, and temperature by use of handheld meters.
• Ammonia, nitrites, and nitrates by using test kits.
• Online monitoring systems for continuance of data.

Pathogen Detection

Diagnosis of pathogens by microscopic examination of gill and skin scrapes, PCR for viral and bacterial DNA, ELISA to detect antigens.

Growth Performance Monitoring

Growth rates, FCR, and survival rates monitor overall health. Application:

• Periodical weighing and measuring of stocks.
• Automatic systems for collection of growth data.

Early Detection and Rapid Response

The early detection of the disease stops the aggravation of the outbreak. Apply the following:

• Frequency Health Control: In days or weeks, as the species requires and the productive system.
• Immediate Isolation: To withdraw the affected animals from production to stop their further spread.
• Consultation: Consultation with Veterinarians and Aquaculture Health Professionals shall be made regarding diagnosis and treatments.
• Medical Treatment: Focus Treatment to be provided; Antibiotic Courses and anti-fungal Courses should be administered on the recommendation of the concerned experts.

Role of Technology in Prevention and Monitoring Diseases

Needless to say, technology has been playing an enabling role as far as increase of efficiency related to the prevention and monitoring of diseases is concerned. Examples include:

• Automatic Water Quality Sensors: These continuously monitor the water quality, informing the farmer about its alteration which will reach a critical level where no action may be taken.
• Machine Learning Models: Artificial intelligence-driven tools predict health trends in outbreaks concerning a disease, informed by data from historical and environmental records.
• Remote Monitoring Systems: With the use of smartphones and their apps today, operations can be monitored from a distance for quick responses whenever something goes wrong.
• Digital Health Records: Record stock health, water quality, and treatment in cloud-based systems for easy management.

Benefits of Effective Disease Prevention and Monitoring

Benefits to be attained from strong strategies in implementation include:

• Better Growth and Productivity: Healthy stocks grow faster and yield better harvests.
• Cost-Effective: A reduction in disease cases cuts down expenses related to medication and deaths.
• More Value in the Market: Aquaculture products sourced from a hatchery free of these diseases increase the quality of the product that consumers will pay for.
• Sustainability: The precautionary principle reduces adverse effects on the environment with the view of making the aquaculture industry sustainable.

Aquaculture thrives on proper prevention of diseases and health monitoring, therefore. Some of the active steps include farm biosecurity, management of water quality, vaccination apart from regular checking for health by farmers; it helps a farmer reduce this risk. Most technologies also upgrade the efforts concerned with biosecurity in aquaculture to make sustainable and profitable culture practice. Accordingly, commitment to the sustenance of healthy aquaculture species has meant improving the security and sustainability of food systems around the globe. This necessarily calls for concern toward environmental conservation.

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This dangerous method of fishing, where toxic chemicals are deliberately dumped into rivers and canals to kill fish en masse, is wreaking havoc on aquatic biodiversity, endangering wildlife, and posing serious risks to human health. The alarming rise of this practice has been attributed to a powerful syndicate of corrupt traders, dishonest forest officials, and criminal networks that profit at the expense of one of Bangladesh’s most valuable ecological treasures.

The rise of poison fishing in Sundarbans: A Well-Orchestrated Operation

Investigations reveal that at least three major groups are responsible for fueling the illegal practice of poison fishing in the Sundarbans:

1. Fish Traders and “Company Mahajans” – These influential traders finance local fishermen and pressure them to use poison to ensure a higher catch within a short time. By controlling the fish supply, they reap massive profits.
2. Corrupt Forest Officials – Dishonest officers, tasked with protecting the Sundarbans, accept bribes in exchange for turning a blind eye to the poison fishing. Some even actively assist in the transport and sale of poisoned fish.
3. Forest Pirates and Middlemen – Once inactive, many former forest pirates have returned, this time working as enforcers for the traders. They offer protection to those engaged in illegal fishing while threatening or looting others who refuse to comply.

How the poison fishing Work in Sundarbans

Fishermen use two types of toxic chemicals, depending on their target catch:

• Chlorpyrifos and Cypermethrin – These chemicals are commonly used in agriculture but have been repurposed to kill both white fish and shrimp when mixed into the water.
• Cypermethrin Alone – This is used exclusively to kill shrimp.

Once the chemicals are released into the water, they deplete oxygen levels, causing fish to become weak and float to the surface, making them easy to collect. This method is quick, cost-effective, and highly destructive—not just for fish, but for the entire aquatic ecosystem.

Severe Impact on the Sundarbans Ecosystem

The consequences of poison fishing extend far beyond fish populations. Experts warn that these chemicals are absorbed into the mangrove roots, affecting the entire food chain.

• Declining Fish Stocks – Traditional fishermen report a steep decline in fish populations over the past five years, forcing many to abandon their livelihood.
• Loss of Aquatic Biodiversity – Poisoned rivers have led to the disappearance of snakes, frogs, leeches, and crabs, all crucial components of the Sundarbans’ ecosystem.
• Impact on Wildlife – Birds feeding on poisoned fish suffer slow and painful deaths, contributing to declining populations of species already threatened by habitat destruction.

According to Govinda Mandal, a fisherman from Koyra’s Bedkashi area, poison fishing was non-existent just a decade ago. “There were plenty of fish back then. But over the last five to six years, poisons have flooded the forest waters, and now even the birds are disappearing,” he laments.

A Threat to Human Health

Even though locals avoid eating fish from the Sundarbans, these poisoned fish end up in markets across the country, transported by trucks to Dhaka and other major cities. Consumers are unknowingly exposed to dangerous toxins linked to cancer, liver disease, and neurological disorders.

A researcher, Md Shah Paran, working on a project assessing the aquatic resources of the Sundarbans, confirmed that most fish in local markets smell of poison, particularly shrimp. Despite this, traders continue selling them, prioritizing profits over public safety.

The Role of Corrupt Authorities

Local pesticide shops near the Sundarbans, particularly in Koyra, openly sell chemicals like Diamgro, Fighter, Ripcord, and Pesicol. Strangely, many of their buyers don’t even own farmland—they are fishermen purchasing poison under the guise of agriculture.

Authorities have long been aware of these illegal activities but have done little to stop them. Mihir Kumar Doe, Forest Conservator of the Khulna region, confirmed that bottles of poison have been confiscated multiple times, yet the problem persists.

Fishermen who refuse to participate in the poison trade report being threatened by both criminal groups and corrupt officials.

A former fisherman, who served jail time for poison fishing, revealed their method:

1. Fishermen set small nets across canal openings during high tide.
2. When the tide recedes, they pour pesticides into the water.
3. Fish float to the surface within minutes.
4. The poisoned fish are collected and transported to buyers.

Since freshly poisoned shrimp cannot be immediately sold, traders have devised another method: drying them inside the Sundarbans itself.

• They cut down trees deep in the forest to construct makeshift drying platforms.
• Shrimp are dried using wood-fueled fires before being smuggled to Mongla for distribution.

The Political and Social Consequences

The rampant corruption and illegal exploitation of the Sundarbans have also given rise to a power struggle among criminal groups. Reports indicate that powerful middlemen, including Zahir Member, Rezaul Karim, and Lutfor Rahman, control more than 200 boats, operating under the protection of corrupt forest officials.

Forest guards allegedly demand bribes ranging from Tk 1,000 ($10) per week to Tk 5,000 ($50) per boat, allowing illegal fishing to continue unchecked.

One such trader, Abu Musa, openly admitted his involvement in illegal fishing but suggested “dividing the sanctuary among traders” to reduce competition.

Can the Sundarbans Be Saved?

Despite these overwhelming challenges, conservationists believe that decisive action can still reverse the damage. Gaurang Nandi, Chairman of the Center for Environment and Participatory Research (CEPR), emphasized the urgent need for:

1. Stronger Law Enforcement – Crackdowns on corrupt officials and poison traders.
2. Sustainable Fishing Alternatives – Promoting eco-friendly aquaculture methods.
3. Public Awareness Campaigns – Educating consumers about the dangers of poisoned fish.
4. Stricter Regulations – Enforcing harsher penalties for offenders.
   

Final Thoughts: A Ticking Time Bomb

Conservationists stress the need for immediate intervention to halt poison fishing. They advocate for stricter enforcement, improved monitoring, and sustainable fishing alternatives.

The Sundarbans serves as Bangladesh’s shield against natural disasters and is a crucial carbon sink. If its waters continue to be poisoned, the consequences will be catastrophic—not just for the environment but also for the millions who depend on it for their livelihoods. Urgent action is required to protect the future of this invaluable mangrove forest.

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The committee, led by Dr. Mohammad Sohrab Ali, Additional Director-General of the Department of Environment, and Alamgir Kabir, Senior Assistant Director of the Fisheries Department, conducted a site visit on January 30. They collected water samples from Shatnol, Babu Bazar, Mohanpur, and Eklashpur for further laboratory analysis in Dhaka.

Declining Water Quality and Industrial Pollution Identified as Key Causes

Preliminary water tests indicate that pollution and deteriorating water quality are the main factors behind the mass fish deaths. The pH level in the river has dropped to 6–6.5 ppm, compared to the normal range of 7.5–9 ppm. Ammonia levels, which should be around 0.1 ppm, have risen to 0.2 ppm or higher. Oxygen levels, essential for aquatic life, have plummeted from the ideal 5–5.5 ppm to a dangerously low 1–1.5 ppm.

Experts suspect that chemical waste from factories in Narayanganj and Munshiganj districts is contaminating the Meghna River, disrupting its delicate ecosystem and severely affecting fish populations. The pollution has also altered the migratory path of the prized hilsa fish, a staple of Bangladesh’s seafood industry.

Fishermen Struggle as Livelihoods Collapse

For nearly a month, fishermen from villages along the Meghna River, including Shatnol, Malopara, Babu Bazar, Dashani, Mohanpur, Hashimpur, and Zahirabad, have been unable to catch fish. Native species such as chewa, puti, shrimp, pangash, kachki, boicha, and belye have been found floating dead, along with other aquatic life like frogs, leeches, and snakes.

Local fishermen report extreme financial hardship due to their inability to work. “We have taken loans from NGOs to buy boats and nets, but now we cannot even afford to pay the installments,” said Pradip Chandra, a struggling fisherman. “Our families are going hungry.”

Urgent Action Needed to Protect Bangladesh’s Fisheries Sector

Senior Fisheries Officer Vijay Kumar emphasized the need for immediate intervention to prevent further damage to fish stocks and the livelihoods of thousands of fishermen. Mizanur Rahman, Deputy Director of the Department of Environment, stressed the importance of addressing industrial pollution to restore the Meghna River’s water quality.

This incident underscores the urgent need for stricter environmental regulations, improved wastewater treatment, and sustainable fisheries management to protect Bangladesh’s aquatic resources. Without swift action, the nation’s seafood sector and coastal communities face devastating long-term consequences.

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Speaking at a meeting with fisheries and livestock officials of the Rangpur division at the Iqoo Heritage Hotel & Resort in Nilphamari’s Saidpur on Saturday, Akhter highlighted the challenges faced by farmers, particularly the recurring issue of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) among cattle. She noted that the government is actively addressing the shortage of FMD vaccines to mitigate this problem.

To promote sustainable agriculture, fisheries adviser Akhter suggested shifting from tobacco to maize cultivation, describing tobacco as a harmful crop that contributes to health risks. “Maize can serve as an alternative, helping to fill the gap in cattle feed supply,” she said.

On tackling the use of illegal fishing nets, the adviser stressed the need to target manufacturers, not just fishermen. She highlighted that factories producing these illegal nets must be shut down to eliminate the issue at its root. Additionally, she pointed to the government’s introduction of smart registration cards for fishermen, ensuring they receive access to essential benefits and support programs.

Akhter urged fisheries and livestock officials to prioritise the welfare of marginal farmers. “Identify their challenges and take immediate actions to resolve them,” she said, emphasising the department’s role in improving the socio-economic conditions of the farming community.

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However, as Bangladesh’s population grew exponentially—reaching 170 million in just over 148,000 square kilometers— made her the most densely populated country of the world and the country’s landscape began to change. Urbanization took over, with real estate developments filling in many rivers and canals to accommodate the burgeoning population. This rapid, unplanned expansion and different levels of pollution greatly reduced the natural water networks that had once supported local fisheries. With fewer natural sources of fish and the pressures of feeding a much larger population, the traditional reliance on natural raised fish was no longer sustainable. Though the concept of “fresh fish” still remains the same for many generation till now.

Fortunately, during this period of transition, Bangladesh’s aquaculture sector began to flourish. Starting in the 90s, fish farming gained momentum, providing a reliable and controlled alternative to dwindling wild fish stocks. Today, Bangladesh ranks 5th globally in aquaculture production, according to FAO’s State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022.

Although local people were initially reluctant to embrace farm-raised fish and shrimp, as they were accustomed to the taste and quality of wild-caught fishes, they eventually had no choice but to adapt. With the natural sources of fish becoming scarce, farm-raised varieties became the primary option in markets across the country, supplying the growing demand for fishes. Now, most of the fish and shrimp available in markets across Bangladesh are farm-raised, playing a crucial role in meeting the country’s food security needs.

The Journey from Farm to Market: Hidden Dangers

Fish and shrimp in Bangladesh go through a long and often problematic journey before reaching consumers. After being harvested by fishermen or in farms, they are sent to near-by or local wholesale markets, where they may be exposed to improper handling conditions. The fishes are often transported without proper cold chain procedure, which causes it to lose moisture and freshness along the way. Once it arrives at these wholesale markets, ice is applied to preserve the fish and shrimp for transport to larger markets in bigger cities, such as capital city Dhaka, port city Khulna or Chittagong, Sylhet etc.

By the time fish reaches retail shops in large urban areas, it has already gone through significant quality loss. Retailers, eager to sell these products as “fresh,” defrost the frozen or semi-frozen fish to present it in a fresh state. Moreover, rural or city wholesalers, retailers all parties refreeze their unsold stocks to sell them on the next day and this process may repeats until the stock is clear.

Consumers, unaware of this process, purchase what they believe to be fresh fish and shrimp, purchase enough for weeks or month, take them home, cook a portion, and store the rest in their freezers for future use. They later defrost and refreeze the same fish or shrimp, repeating this cycle multiple times until all are cooked.

The Health Risks of Repeated Freezing and Defrosting

The taboo against frozen fish is rooted in the belief that fresh fish is healthier and of better quality. Ironically, this preference for “fresh” fish from wet markets often leads to the consumption of fish that has been repeatedly frozen and defrosted—an unsafe practice that many consumers are unaware of. Every time fish or shrimp is thawed and refrozen, it loses water and nutrients. This results in a product that is less flavorful, less nutritious and even hazardous to health.

The repeated freeze-thaw cycles damage the cell structure of fish and shrimp, making them prone to bacterial contamination. As the product defrosts, bacteria that had been dormant can start to grow, and when it is frozen again, these bacteria remain alive, albeit in a dormant state. If this cycle is repeated, the concentration of bacteria increases, which can lead to foodborne illnesses. Furthermore, some harmful toxins produced by bacteria are heat-resistant, meaning that even cooking may not fully eliminate the risk.

Therefore, buying fish labeled as “fresh” from wet markets may actually expose consumers to greater health risks than purchasing frozen fish, which has been preserved using controlled freezing techniques.

The Impact on the Local Fish and Shrimp Industry

This handling practice doesn’t just affect the health of local people; it also holds back the growth of the local fish and shrimp industry. While Bangladesh is a major exporter of frozen shrimp and fish, domestically, the market for frozen fish is very underdeveloped due to the negative perception surrounding it. This is in stark contrast to international markets, where frozen fish is not only accepted but preferred for its consistency and quality.

Local people, however, continue to pay a premium for so-called fresh fish that has likely undergone improper handling. As a result, they don’t receive the true value for their money. This reluctance to embrace frozen fish hampers the development of the domestic market, which could otherwise be a major driver of economic growth. It also limits opportunities for more sustainable practices in the industry, such as improved refrigeration, reduced food waste, and year-round availability of high-quality fish.

Acceptance of frozen fish can offer substantial financial benefits to the local farmers as well. By freezing their products directly after harvesting, farmers can preserve quality and ensure they receive the right price for their products. This would allow them to avoid the middlemen who often dictate prices in the wholesale markets, helping farmers take greater control over their earnings. Proper freezing techniques would also extend the shelf life of fish and shrimp, allowing them to sell their stock gradually, rather than all at once, which often results in reduced prices.

For retail sellers, frozen products provide a higher level of quality assurance. They can offer their customers fish that has been preserved at its freshest state, avoiding the risks associated with fish that has been improperly handled or thawed multiple times. This will also ensure retailers can secure their investment, as frozen fish can be stored for longer periods without the fear of spoilage, reducing financial losses.

Moreover, as the frozen food market grows, it would spur the development of a new industry focused on the production and sale of freezing equipment. Farmers, wholesalers, and retailers would need to invest in proper freezing infrastructure, leading to a surge in demand for such equipment. This, in turn, would create new business opportunities, foster job creation and contribute to the overall growth of the local economy.

How to Overcome the Frozen Fish Taboo

Shifting consumer perceptions and breaking the cycle of repeated freezing and defrosting will require concerted efforts from both the industry stakeholders and the government. Below are some strategies to address these challenges:

1. Educational Campaigns on Freezing Process and Health Risks
   A widespread public awareness campaign is necessary to educate consumers about the dangers of repeated freeze-thaw cycles and the benefits of properly frozen fish and shrimp. These campaigns can highlight the scientific facts behind freezing technology, explaining how flash-freezing preserves nutrients and freshness, unlike the improperly handled products from wet markets. This education should also include information on the risks of bacterial contamination from repeated defrosting.
   
2. Nutritional Comparisons and Safety Information
   Detailed nutritional comparisons between frozen and fresh fish should be made available to consumers. Highlighting that frozen fish retains more nutrients than fish that has been frozen and defrosted multiple times will help dispel the myth that fresh is always better. Safety information about the bacterial risks of repeated freeze-thaw cycles can further solidify the argument in favor of frozen fish.
   
3. Certification and Transparency in Supply Chains
   Establishing a certification system for frozen fish and shrimp can help build consumer trust. Labels such as “Frozen at Peak Freshness” or “Single-Freezing Guaranteed” can assure consumers that the product they are buying has undergone only one freeze cycle, preserving its quality and safety. Furthermore, transparency in the supply chain, from catch to market, will help improve consumer confidence in frozen fish. Government FIQC (Fisheries Inspection and Quality Control) dept and industry stakeholder can cooperate to make it possible.
   
4. Endorsement by Local Influencers and Health Experts
   Engaging prominent local figures such as chefs, nutritionists, sportsman and health experts to promote frozen fish can help shift perceptions. These influencers can share recipes and cooking techniques that showcase how delicious and nutritious frozen fish and shrimp can be. This will also help normalize the consumption of frozen fish in everyday Bangladeshi cuisine.
   
5. Improved Retail Practices
   Retailers play a crucial role in changing consumer habits. They should be trained in proper storage and handling of frozen fish/shrimp to maintain its quality. Encouraging them to sell frozen products as frozen, rather than defrosting them to appear fresh, will ensure better quality and safety for consumers.
   
6. Proper forms & Packaging
   Introducing various forms, cuts and packaging options for frozen fish and shrimp could significantly benefit busy urban consumers. Such as, IQF (Individual Quick Frozen) products, like shrimp or small fish, people can use only the quantity they need without defrosting the entire package, offering flexibility and reducing waste. Additionally, providing fish and shrimp in pre-cut or ready-to-cook formats would simplify meal preparation, catering to the fast-paced lifestyles of city dwellers. This approach combines convenience, practicality and quality, making frozen fish a more appealing option for everyday use.
   
7. Tasting Events and Promotions
   Organizing taste tests and cooking demonstrations can help prove that frozen fish is just as flavorful and versatile as fresh fish. Promotional discounts and offers can incentivize consumers to try frozen fish, leading to greater acceptance.
   
   

The “frozen fish” taboo is not just a cultural hurdle—it is a significant public health concern and an economic impediment. By continuing to reject frozen fish, local people are unknowingly consuming lower-quality, less nutritious and potentially harmful products. Embracing frozen fish could also benefit the entire aquaculture industry by attracting more investment and promoting sustainable development. With the infrastructure in place for freezing, the industry would be better equipped to meet both domestic and export demands year-round.

This would also encourage sustainable farming practices, as farmers would no longer be pressured to harvest all their stock at once to meet short-term market demand. A more stable, year-round market for fish and shrimp would lead to a more secure and profitable industry for everyone involved.

Changing these perceptions will take time, but with education, better industry practices and influencer support, Bangladesh can build a thriving market for frozen fish and shrimp, benefiting both the economy and consumer health.

The post Frozen Fish in Bangladesh: Dispelling Misconceptions to Unlock Market Potential appeared first on Seafood Network BD.

According to fisheries officials, Bangladesh typically catches around 5.5 to 6 lakh tonnes of hilsa annually, with about 60% of the catch coming from the Bay of Bengal and the remainder from rivers. However, this year, fishermen are struggling with reduced catches in the sea, causing a significant supply shortage.

In previous years, the government allowed 3,000 to 5,000 tonnes of hilsa exports during Durga Puja, but this year, a ban was imposed to address the domestic scarcity, said Nripendra Nath Biswas, deputy director of the Barishal Divisional Fisheries Office.

At Barishal’s Port Road Hilsa Market, the largest wholesale hub for hilsa, prices are significantly higher than last year. A 1.5 kg hilsa is selling for around $15, while a 1.2 kg fish is priced about $13.45, and a 1 kg fish costs around $12.61. These prices are $1.26–$1.68 higher compared to last year.

Traders report high demand for hilsa from major cities like Dhaka, Chattogram, Rajshahi, Khulna, and Sylhet, but the insufficient supply has driven prices up. Fisherman Hossain Miah from Bhola Sadar upazila explained that poor weather conditions forced them to abandon multiple fishing trips, leading to reduced catches. Another fisherman, Jahangir Hossain from Bakerganj upazila, noted that fishing costs have risen to $170 for a five-day trip, up from $126-$134 last year.

The Bangladesh Fisheries Development Corporation (BFDC) reported 152 tonnes of hilsa traded in the 2023-2024 fiscal year, but only 25 tonnes have been traded in the current fiscal year. Fisheries officials remain optimistic that hilsa availability will improve in the coming weeks, which could help lower prices.

With high demand, reduced supply, and increased costs, hilsa prices remain elevated, causing frustration for both fishermen and consumers across Bangladesh.

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